Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), also known as otolaryngology, is the medical specialty that deals with the detection, diagnosis, prevention, and medical or surgical treatment of diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck. The specialty encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting fundamental functions like hearing, balance, breathing, swallowing, and speech. In the practice of ENT specialists, the most common conditions include ear infections (otitis media), hearing loss, balance disorders, acute and chronic sinusitis, deviated septum, tonsillitis, vocal cord disorders, sleep apnea, and benign or malignant tumors of the head and neck.